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Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses for integration of aromatics separation with aromatics upgrading

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 183-193 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2192-9

摘要： Methanol to aromatics produces multiple products, resulting in a limited selectivity of xylene. Aromatics upgrading is an effective way to produce more valuable xylene product, and different feed ratios generate discrepant product distributions. This work integrates the aromatics separation with toluene disproportionation, transalkylation of toluene and trimethylbenzene, and isomerization of xylene and trimethylbenzene. Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses are conducted to give insights in the splitting ratios of benzene, toluene and heavy aromatics for aromatics upgrading. First, a detailed simulation model is developed in Aspen HYSYS. Then, 300 splitting ratio sets of benzene and toluene for conversion are studied to investigate the process performances. The results indicate that there are different preferences for the splitting ratios of benzene and toluene in terms of exergy and exergoeconomic performances. The process generates lower total exergy destruction when the splitting ratio of toluene varies between 0.07 and 0.18, and that of benzene fluctuates between 0.55 and 0.6. Nevertheless, the process presents lower total product unit cost with the splitting ratio of toluene less than 0.18 and that of benzene fluctuating between 0.44 and 0.89. Besides, it is found that distillation is the biggest contributor to the total exergy destruction, accounting for 94.97%.

关键词： aromatics separation and upgrading variant splitting ratios total exergy destruction total product unit cost

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Microbial remediation of aromatics-contaminated soil

Ying Xu, Ning-Yi Zhou

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0894-x

摘要： Aromatics-contaminated soils were successfully remediated with adding single strains. Bacterial or fungal consortia were successfully used in the cases of bioaugmentation. Microbes combined with chemical or biological factors increase remediation efficiency. The environmental factors had appreciable impacts on the bioaugmentation. Aromatics-contaminated soil is of particular environmental concern as it exhibits carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Bioremediation, a biological approach for the removal of soil contaminants, has several advantages over traditional soil remediation methodologies including high efficiency, complete pollutant removal, low expense and limited or no secondary pollution. Bioaugmentation, defined as the introduction of specific competent strains or consortia of microorganisms, is a widely applied bioremediation technology for soil remediation. In this review, it is concluded which several successful studies of bioaugmentation of aromatics-contaminated soil by single strains or mixed consortia. In recent decades, a number of reports have been published on the metabolic machinery of aromatics degradation by microorganisms and their capacity to adapt to aromatics-contaminated environments. Thus, microorganisms are major players in site remediation. The bioremediation/bioaugmentation process relies on the immense metabolic capacities of microbes for transformation of aromatic pollutants into essentially harmless or, at least, less toxic compounds. Aromatics-contaminated soils are successfully remediated with adding not only single strains but also bacterial or fungal consortia. Furthermore several novel approaches, which microbes combined with physical, chemical or biological factors, increase remediation efficiency of aromatics-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the environmental factors also have appreciable impacts on the bioaugmentation process. The biostatistics method is recommended for analysis of the effects of bioaugmentation treatments.

关键词： Aromatics-contaminated soil Bacteria Bioaugmentation Bioremediation Fungi

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The influence of chlorinated aromatics' structure on their adsorption characteristics on activated carbon

Pengfei LIN,Yuan ZHANG,Xiaojian ZHANG,Chao CHEN,Yuefeng XIE,Irwin H SUFFET

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 138-146 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0725-2

摘要： This study focused on evaluating the efficiency of powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption process and tackling chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols spill in drinking water source. The adsorption kinetics and PAC’s capacities for five chlorobenzenes and three chlorophenols at drinking water contamination levels were studied in order to determine the influence of different functional groups on the adsorption behavior. The results showed that PAC adsorption could be used as an effective emergency drinking water treatment process to remove these compounds. The adsorption kinetics took 30 min to achieve nearly equilibrium and could be described by both pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. A mathematic relationship was developed between the pseudo first-order adsorption rate constant, k , and the solutes’ properties including lg , polarizability and molecular weight. The Freundlich isotherm equation could well describe the adsorption equilibrium behaviors of chlorinated aromatics with from 0.920 to 0.999. The H-bond donor/acceptor group, hydrophobicity, solubility and molecular volume were identified as important solute properties that affect the PAC adsorption capacity. These results could assist water professionals in removing chlorinated aromatics during emergency drinking water treatment.

关键词： chlorinated aromatics adsorption powdered activated carbon kinetics equilibrium

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Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Sainab Omar, Suzanne Alsamaq, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 702-717 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1861-9

摘要： The work studied a non-catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil by blending under supercritical conditions using methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as solvent and hydrogen donor. Characterisation of the bio-oil and the upgraded bio-oils was carried out including moisture content, elemental content, pH, heating value, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), Fourier transform infrared radiation, C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the effects of blending and supercritical reactions. The GCMS analysis indicated that the supercritical methanol reaction removed the acids in the bio-oil consequently the pH increased from 2.39 in the crude bio-oil to 4.04 after the supercritical methanol reaction. The ester contents increased by 87.49% after the supercritical methanol reaction indicating ester formation could be the major deacidification mechanism for reducing the acidity of the bio-oil and improving its pH value. Simply blending crude bio-oil with isopropanol was effective in increasing the C and H content, reducing the O content and increasing the heating value to 27.55 from 17.51 MJ·kg in the crude bio-oil. After the supercritical isopropanol reaction, the heating value of the liquid product slightly further increased to 28.85 MJ·kg .

关键词： bio-oil blending supercritical upgrading characterisation

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Upgrading of derived pyrolysis vapors for the production of biofuels from corncobs

Liaoyuan Mao, Yanxin Li, Z. Conrad Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 50-58 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1685-4

摘要： A bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyzer was integrated with an honeycomb as a catalytic upgrading zone for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. In the upgrading zone, zeolite coated ceramic honeycomb (ZCCH) catalysts consisting of ZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) were stacked and N or recycled non-condensable gas was used as a carrier gas. Ground corncob particles were fast pyrolyzed in the bubbling bed using fine sand particles as a heat carrier and the resulting pyrolysis vapors were passed on-line over the catalytic upgrading zone. The influence of carrier gas, temperature, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of catalyst on the oil product properties, distribution and mass balance were studied. Using ZCCH effectively increased the hydrocarbon yield and the heating value of the dry oil, especially in the presence of the recycled noncondensable gas. Even a low usage of zeolite catalyst at WSHV of 180 h was effective in upgrading the pyrolysis oil and other light olefins. The highest hydrocarbon (≥C2) and liquid aromatics yields reached to 14.23 and 4.17 wt-%, respectively. The undesirable products including light oxygenates, furans dramatically decreased in the presence of the ZCCH catalyst.

关键词： corncob monolith upgrading pyrolysis

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A review on catalytic & non-catalytic bio-oil upgrading in supercritical fluids

Sainab Omar, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 4-17 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1933-x

摘要： This review article summarizes the key published research on the topic of bio-oil upgrading using catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions. The precious metal catalysts Pd, Ru and Pt on various supports are frequently chosen for catalytic bio-oil upgrading in SCFs. This is reportedly due to their favourable catalytic activity during the process including hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and esterification, which leads to improvements in liquid yield, heating value, and pH of the upgraded bio-oil. Due to the costs associated with precious metal catalysts, some researchers have opted for non-precious metal catalysts such as acidic HZSM-5 which can promote esterification in supercritical ethanol. On the other hand, SCFs have been effectively used to upgrade crude bio-oil without a catalyst. Supercritical methanol, ethanol, and water are most commonly used and demonstrate catalyst like activities such as facilitating esterification reactions and reducing solid yield by alcoholysis and hydrolysis, respectively.

关键词： bio-oil upgrading supercritical review

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Analyzing the energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of Canadian oil sands crude upgrading through

Anton ALVAREZ-MAJMUTOV,Jinwen CHEN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 212-218 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1424-z

摘要： This paper presents an evaluation of the energy intensity and related greenhouse gas/CO emissions of integrated oil sands crude upgrading processes. Two major oil sands crude upgrading schemes currently used in Canadian oil sands operations were investigated: coking-based and hydroconversion-based. The analysis, which was based on a robust process model of the entire process, was constructed in Aspen HYSYS and calibrated with representative data. Simulations were conducted for the two upgrading schemes in order to generate a detailed inventory of the required energy and utility inputs: process fuel, steam, hydrogen and power. It was concluded that while hydroconversion-based scheme yields considerably higher amount of synthetic crude oil (SCO) than the coker-based scheme (94 wt-% vs. 76 wt-%), it consumes more energy and is therefore more CO -intensive (413.2 kg CO /m vs. 216.4 kg CO /m ). This substantial difference results from the large amount of hydrogen consumed in the ebullated-bed hydroconverter in the hydroconversion-based scheme, as hydrogen production through conventional methane steam reforming is highly energy-intensive and therefore the major source of CO emission. Further simulations indicated that optimization of hydroconverter operating variables had only a minor effect on the overall CO emission due to the complex trade-off effect between energy inputs.

关键词： Oil sands crude upgrading hydroconversion process modeling greenhouse gas emissions

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Phase separation in cGAS-STING signaling

《医学前沿（英文）》页码 855-866 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1026-6

摘要： Biomolecular condensates formed by phase separation are widespread and play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. cGAS-STING signaling functions to detect aberrant DNA signals to initiate anti-infection defense and antitumor immunity. At the same time, cGAS-STING signaling must be carefully regulated to maintain immune homeostasis. Interestingly, exciting recent studies have reported that biomolecular phase separation exists and plays important roles in different steps of cGAS-STING signaling, including cGAS condensates, STING condensates, and IRF3 condensates. In addition, several intracellular and extracellular factors have been proposed to modulate the condensates in cGAS-STING signaling. These studies reveal novel activation and regulation mechanisms of cGAS-STING signaling and provide new opportunities for drug discovery. Here, we summarize recent advances in the phase separation of cGAS-STING signaling and the development of potential drugs targeting these innate immune condensates.

关键词： biomolecular condensates phase separation cGAS-STING pathway cGAS STING cGAMP interferon

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Enhancing the aromatic selectivity of cyclohexane aromatization by CO₂ coupling

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期页码 1801-1808 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2325-9

摘要： Improving the aromatic selectivity in the alkane aromatization process is of great importance for its practical utilization but challenge to make because the high H/C ratio of alkanes would lead to a serious hydrogen transfer process and a large amount of light alkanes. Herein, CO₂ is introduced into the cyclohexane conversion process on the HZSM-5 zeolite, which can improve the aromatic selectivity. By optimizing the reaction conditions, an improved aromatic (benzene, toluene, xylene, and C₉₊) selectivity of 48.2% can be obtained at the conditions of 2.7 MPa (CO₂), 450 °C, and 1.7 h⁻¹, which is better than that without CO₂ (aromatic selectivity = 43.2%). In situ transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra illustrate that many oxygenated chemical intermediates (e.g., carboxylic acid, anhydride, unsaturated aldehydes/ketones or ketene) would be formed during the cyclohexane conversion process in the presence of CO₂. ¹³C isotope labeling experimental results demonstrate that CO₂ can enter into the aromatics through the formation of oxygenated chemical intermediates and thereby improve the aromatic selectivity. This study may open a green, economic, and promising way to improve the aromatic selectivity for alkane aromatization process.

关键词： aromatics carbon dioxide aromatization coupling reaction ZSM-5 zeolite

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Mesoporous zeolites for biofuel upgrading and glycerol conversion

Jian Zhang, Liang Wang, Yanyan Ji, Fang Chen, Feng-Shou Xiao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 132-144 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1681-8

摘要： With the recent emphasis and development of sustainable chemistry, the conversion of biomass feedstocks into alternative fuels and fine chemicals over various heterogeneous catalysts has received much attention. In particular, owing to their uniform micropores, strong acidity, and stable and rigid frameworks, zeolites as catalysts or co-catalysts have exhibited excellent catalytic performances in many reactions, including hydrodesulfurization, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydrodeoxygenation. However, the relatively small sizes of the zeolite micropores strongly limit the conversion of bulky biomolecules. To overcome this issue, mesoporous zeolites with pores larger than those of biomolecules have been synthesized. As expected, these mesoporous zeolites have outperformed conventional zeolites with improved activities, better selectivities, and longer catalyst lives for the upgrading of pyrolysis oils, the transformation of lipids into biofuels, and the conversion of glycerol into acrolein and aromatic compounds. This review briefly summarizes recent works on the rational synthesis of mesoporous zeolites and their superior catalytic properties in biomass conversion.

关键词： biomass conversion mesoporous zeolite sustainable chemistry

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传统发酵食品产业技术转型升级战略研究

夏小乐,吴剑荣,陈坚

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第2期页码 129-137 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.017

摘要：

在全球推进“工业4.0”背景下，厘清我国传统发酵食品这一重要民生产业的技术现状、技术升级面临的挑战和未来转型升级方向，提出我国传统发酵食品产业转型升级战略和政策建议具有重要意义。通过实地调研、问卷调查和文献分析发现，传统发酵食品产业集中度不高，智能制造水平较低，绿色制造体系不完善；同时面临核心技术装备自主研发能力弱、转型升级路径不清等诸多挑战。因此，应当通过深入挖掘发酵代谢机制，开发自主成套装备等推进核心技术提升，进一步加强技术标准统一，推动端到端的集成。最后，通过加强顶层设计与战略引导，推动关键理论与技术基础突破，培育共享制造新模式，强化政策和保障措施，建设行业标准和生态体系，建设完善面向中国制造2025 的新型传统发酵食品产业。

关键词：传统发酵食品，绿色制造，智能制造，转型升级战略

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我国汽车产业转型升级研究

乔英俊,延建林,钟志华,赵俊玮

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 41-46 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.001

摘要：

本文全面分析了当前我国汽车产业发展面临的新形势和未来发展的新趋向，研究提出了我国汽车产业转型升级的新内涵，即：新材料、新结构、新工艺、新装备、新能源、新功能、新模式，并分析比较了我国汽车产业转型升级的四种新路径，即自主技术创新、跨界联合发展、政策资源支持、创新商业模式，最后提出了相应的发展建议。

关键词：汽车产业转型升级路径分析

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应用先进技术改造传统炼铜产业

孔繁义

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第9期页码 69-76

摘要：

云南冶炼厂（云南铜业股份有限公司）是20世纪60年代初建成的铜精矿电炉熔炼企业。投产以来，存在着能源消耗大，SO₂利用率低，环境污染较严重，生产成本高等问题；近20年来，通过持续不断地技术改造和技术创新，特别是采用先进的富氧顶吹熔池熔炼技术取代电炉熔炼工艺，将使传统的炼铜产业获得迅速的提升。预计到2002年，不但在生产规模上成为全国三大铜生产企业之一，而且三废排放将完全达标，实现清洁生产，粗铜电耗可望由2 314 kW·h/t降至1 542 kW·h/t，生产成本会有明显下降，总体实力可进入世界铜工业20强之列。

关键词：铜工业电炉熔炼技术改造富氧顶吹熔池熔炼

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Selective capture and separation of xenon and krypton using metal organic frameworks: a review

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第12期页码 1895-1912 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2355-3

摘要： Xenon and krypton are widespread useful noble gases in commercial lighting, lasers, electronics, and medical industry. At the same time, radioactive noble gases may proliferate from used nuclear fuel and diffuse in open atmospheres. Metal organic frameworks as hotspot porous materials for gases uptake and separation are considered to be potential solutions. In this review, we comprehensively summarized recent researches on metal organic frameworks for selective capture and separation of xenon and krypton. Particularly, we followed the aspects of different optimal design strategies, including optimal pore/cage size and geometry, open metal sites, ions (anions and cations), and polar functional groups for enhancing the xenon adsorption and separation performances. Meanwhile, a comparison of each strategy and the mechanisms of xenon/krypton separation were pointed out. The separation of krypton from gases mixtures by dual-bed systems was further discussed. Finally, some existing challenges and opportunities for possible real applications were proclaimed.

关键词： metal organic frameworks xenon krypton selective separation used nuclear fuel

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A carbon efficiency upgrading method for mechanical machining based on scheduling optimization strategy

Shuo ZHU, Hua ZHANG, Zhigang JIANG, Bernard HON

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第2期页码 338-350 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0572-8

摘要： Low-carbon manufacturing (LCM) is increasingly being regarded as a new sustainable manufacturing model of carbon emission reduction in the manufacturing industry. In this paper, a two-stage low-carbon scheduling optimization method of job shop is presented as part of the efforts to implement LCM, which also aims to reduce the processing cost and improve the efficiency of a mechanical machining process. In the first stage, a task assignment optimization model is proposed to optimize carbon emissions without jeopardizing the processing efficiency and the profit of a machining process. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution are then adopted to assign the most suitable batch task of different parts to each machine. In the second stage, a processing route optimization model is established to plan the processing sequence of different parts for each machine. Finally, niche genetic algorithm is utilized to minimize the makespan. A case study on the fabrication of four typical parts of a machine tool is demonstrated to validate the proposed method.

关键词： Low-carbon manufacturing carbon efficiency multi-objective optimization two-stage scheduling job shop